IGBT Stage Lighting Dimmers - A Primer

!±8± IGBT Stage Lighting Dimmers - A Primer

Imagine being able to plug your stage and theatre lighting fixtures directly into dimmers that are quiet and don't generate the heat of SCR dimmers. You're imagining IGBT dimming, a revolution in dimming technology.

IGBT dimmers bring the future into your theatre, club, auditorium or sanctuary with drastically-reduced installation costs. Mounted wherever you mount lighting fixtures, they are smaller and lighter than SCR dimmers. Better yet, they do not produce any mechanical buzz or hum.

Distributed Dimming Benefits

o Easy to design, expand and install

o Drastically reduces installation and equipment costs

o Locate silent dimmer strips next to the light fixtures

o Much less wiring

o Reduced voltage drops

o No dimmer panel required

Power and Silence Benefits

o State-of-the-art dimming technology

o Quiet dimmers and load

o Low neutral harmonics

o Protection against short-circuits

o High-density racks

o Control of various load types including magnetic/electronic transformers and electronic fluorescent dimming ballasts

Intelligence and Control Benefits

o Stations, keypads, wireless PCs and consoles for simple or complex applications

o Broad range of matching, attractive controls for fully-integrated projects

o Industry standard wiring practices

o Windows®-based open control protocols

A Case Study

When Cornish College of the Arts began converting Seattle's historic Sons of Norway Hall into a theatre, plans called for installation of a complete air conditioning system just to cool the old-style, heat-producing SCR rack dimming system they planned to use. Dave Tosti-Lane, chair of Cornish's Performance Production Department, started looking for a different solution.

The college had already been through the ordeal of retrofitting a concert hall to the tune of thousands of dollars just to relocate a noisy dimmer rack. They didn't want to go through that again. Mac Perkins of PNTA recommended the Intelligent Raceway system from Entertainment Technology, a Genlyte Thomas company. The beauty of an IGBT system, as Dave discovered, was that it would not only circumvent the noise problem, but it would also reduce the heat loads.

The savings of not having to do a full-blown air conditioning system practically paid for the dimmers. They also saved money by not having the associated costs of load wiring the dimmers out to the circuits and all of the additional wiring and time it costs to run cables from the dimmer rack to the lighting instruments.

While the cost savings may have been the leading benefit, close behind was the system of focus buttons that were installed. This feature enabled the crew to finish hanging the first show in the new theatre in record time. The trio hung, circuited and rough-focused 130 fixtures in two five-hour lighting calls.
And as a sound designer, Dave was really appreciative of the lack of fans and chokes.

With all their benefits, IGBT dimming systems are a boon to the staging of theatrical productions.

Copyright 2007 PNTA

IGBT Stage Lighting Dimmers - A Primer

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Saitek Pro Flight Yoke System cockpit FSX amount i7-920 @ 3.9GHz

!±8± Saitek Pro Flight Yoke System cockpit FSX amount i7-920 @ 3.9GHz

Jun 11 2011 Update: I just downloaded the iFly 737NG 1.01 for FSX and tried the Saitek multi panel and it has some functionality. Almost everything works but there are some issues. The dial is very sensitive. In IAS for example can jump from 180 to 300 depending on how fast you turn the knob. However, if done carefully taking into account the sensitivity issue, it is useable. Also the illuminated buttons do not necessarily correspond with the current state of a given button; you have to look at the MCP to see whether ALT Hold or NAV for instance (btw NAV is LVL-CHG) are engaged or not, however pressing the button will toggle the state even if the light doesn't correspond. I can dial the ALT, VS, IAS, HDG, CRS, deploy and retract Flaps, use the Trim wheel, toggle A/T on and off. The ALT button is ALT Hold, the NAV button is LVL CHG. All of the other Saitek panels, work seamlessly with the iFly737. The Yoke, Radio Panel, Flight Switch, Flight Instrument panel. Home cockpit for flight simulation. Saitek Pro Flight Yoke System Saitek Pro Flight Multi Panel Saitek Pro Flight Radio Panel Saitek Pro Flight Switch Saitek Pro Flight Instrument I run FSX in W7 x64 and the Saitek Pro Flight Multi Panel link up with the AP, CRS, HDG, ALT, NAV, APR, Flaps, Trim, IAS. I use Nav 1 for ILS frequencies. Generally, addon aircraft fall in one of three categories with respect to compatibility; one, the addon can use mostly all the functions with the exception of perhaps one or two, two, only ...

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NIKOLA TESLA - THE MISSING SECRETS 1-5

!±8± NIKOLA TESLA - THE MISSING SECRETS 1-5

Nikola Tesla (Serbian Cyrillic: Никола Тесла) (10 July 1856 7 January 1943) was an inventor and a mechanical and electrical engineer. Tesla was born in the village of Smiljan near the town of Gospić, in Croatia (then part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire). He was an ethnic Serb subject of the Austrian Empire and later became an American citizen.[2] Tesla is often described as the most important scientist and inventor of the modern age, a man who "shed light over the face of Earth".[3] He is best known for many revolutionary contributions in the field of electricity and magnetism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Tesla's patents and theoretical work formed the basis of modern alternating current electric power (AC) systems, including the polyphase power distribution systems and the AC motor, with which he helped usher in the Second Industrial Revolution. Contemporary biographers of Tesla have regarded him as "The Father of Physics", "The man who invented the twentieth century"[4] and "the patron saint of modern electricity."[5] After his demonstration of wireless communication (radio) in 1894 and after being the victor in the "War of Currents", he was widely respected as one of the greatest electrical engineers who worked in America.[6] Much of his early work pioneered modern electrical engineering and many of his discoveries were of groundbreaking importance. During this period, in the United States, Tesla's fame rivaled that of any other inventor or scientist in ...

NIKOLA TESLA - THE MISSING SECRETS 1-5

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LED Light Bulbs vs Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs

!±8± LED Light Bulbs vs Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs

When deciding to make the switch from incandescent lighting to a more energy efficient option, you might assume that compact fluorescent lights (CFL) are the best way to go. However, although energy savings are roughly similar except in areas of high energy costs, there are some differences between LED and CFL technology that might influence your ultimate decision.

As has been popularly reported recently, CFLs do contain a small amount of mercury. Containing such a small amount does not take away from CFLs environmentally friendly reputation, and indeed are still an excellent choice over incandescent bulbs. However, for those who wish to eliminate the use of mercury altogether, LED light bulbs may be a better option. Should a CFL bulb break in your home, special handling techniques are required for clean up, as the mercury can escape from the bulb. This is not something to be concerned about with LED light bulbs.

One common concern with LED lights is that because the light is quite directed it can be difficult to use them to light up a room. While it is true that using some LED light bulbs in traditional upright floor lamps can wind up directing a stream of light at the ceiling, there are new bulbs and new light fixtures on the market that can alleviate this problem. However, if this is a concern for you, you might wish to use CFL bulbs in these areas and switch your accent lighting, such as bedside lamps and night lights to LED lighting. This can give you the best of both worlds.

There is also some growing concern, albeit not well documented, that CFLs in particular can create what is called "dirty electricity" which can cause fatigue, migraines, eye strain, and even skin irritation, among other symptoms. If you are concerned about this possibility, or if you think it may be possible you are suffering from it, LEDs might be a better option for lighting your home.

LED Light Bulbs vs Compact Fluorescent Light Bulbs

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Benefits to Using Fluorescent Light Bulbs

!±8± Benefits to Using Fluorescent Light Bulbs

Fluorescent light bulbs offer consumers a significant benefit when compared to regular light bulbs or incandescent light bulbs. There are many different types of fluorescent lights on the market. The most popular version is compact fluorescent lighting bulbs. This type of bulb is similar in size to a regular old fashioned light bulb but instead the light comes from a coiled or twisted tube. T12 and T8 bulbs are used in long panel mounts. These are commonly found in office spaces, department stores, schools, industrial, and commercial spaces. T5 bulbs and T5 HO bulbs were designed to replace the outdated T8 and T12 bulbs. T5 technology offers many upgrades and benefits especially when a large amount of fixtures is needed to light a space. There are many determining factors as to how beneficial fluorescent lights really are for an average consumer.

Cost

Fluorescent lights cost more to purchase but less to operate. The cost savings should ultimately be calculated after taking into account that fluorescent lights last about ten times longer than incandescent lights and help cut down on the need to purchase replacement bulbs as well as on the labor to replace bulbs. Fluorescent lights also generate about 70% less heat in comparison to regular bulbs so they assist in cutting down on cooling costs too.

Energy Savings

The cooling cost savings isn't nearly as remarkable as the electric cost savings. Fluorescent lights require 2/3 less energy to operate. The savings is immense when a large space like a warehouse calculates these cost benefits.

Environmental Impact

It is estimated that every time someone exchanges one regular bulb for a CFL or compact fluorescent light bulb they are helping prevent cut down on 450 pounds of emissions from power plants. Out planet needs every little bit of help it can get. This amount of emissions might not seem like much when one bulb is considered but it is said that if everyone in the United States were to switch over to CFLs they could force 80 power plants to close down. If everyone in the world were to switch over, they could force 130 power plants to close their doors.

Disposal

Speaking of a positive impact on the planet, fluorescent lights must be disposed of properly because they contain a small amount of mercury. Please do not throw fluorescent bulbs into a regular trashcan. Contact your local waste management company for information on how to properly dispose of these light bulbs.

As you can see the benefits to using fluorescent lights is numerous and in many different areas. The initial investment on the bulbs will be returned to you in tri-folds for the life of that light bulb. If one light bulb can do so much, imagine what one hundred or one thousand could do.

Benefits to Using Fluorescent Light Bulbs

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Outdoor Lighting Systems Illuminate Your Haven

!±8± Outdoor Lighting Systems Illuminate Your Haven

Outdoor lighting systems can do a lot for your home. On the practical side, it can give your outdoor pathways such as the back porch and driveway a bit more safety when it's dark. Aesthetically, lighting systems can be an attractive addition to any landscape.

What You'll Get From Outdoor Lighting Systems

Outdoor lighting systems offer a lot of benefits. It can provide safety and security, expand your leisure areas, add beauty to your home and enhance property value. Without enough outdoor lighting, accidents can happen in the dark. It also increases the risk of theft.

An outdoor lighting system can be used for entertainment. You can bring your guests to your patio if you have a lighting system outside. Therefore, you have adequate space and it will feel like your home has just been expanded.

With some lighting your home can look exquisite. Because lighting can easily give that dramatic effect, you're able to highlight certain features of your property with a lighting system. For instance, a garden can look so much better if it didn't have any dark spots. With a lighting system, the landscape design of your garden will be greatly visible and enhanced in the evenings.

Designing Outdoor Lighting Systems

Having a design plan can be an answer to your lighting concerns. First, consider the reasons why you want outdoor lighting. You may want to illuminate your property mainly for safety reasons. On the other hand, you may want lighting for both security and beauty. These are highly achievable if you can balance your design ideas, the available power in your home, and your budget.

Landscape lighting is basically like interior designing except it involves the outdoors. Consider the areas you plan to use, traffic flow, focal points and mood. If you often use your patio for entertainment, provide more lighting there. If you have lots of guests, position your outdoor lighting system strategically so they aren't in the way but still visible.

Think about an area in the garden or any structure you want to enhance. For instance, you can illuminate a garden fountain or an architectural design on your house that you love. If you have a pool, you can design a lighting system around it to show it off. When light hits the stony texture around the pool and bounces off the water's surface, your pool will look just stunning. Use a lighting system to make those favorite areas your focal point.

Finally, what mood do you want to convey? You may want to use lighting with varying brightness for a dramatic effect. For more relaxation and serenity, go with more subdued lighting. You can choose any style that suits the mood. Bright lights can match modern designs while less bright ones can suit classical designs.

Take a walk around your home. Take a look at your doors and windows. Your doors are areas that are frequented the most. Lighting can give your home a dramatic entrance. Your windows may have a beautiful frame on the outside. Lighting can create a play between light and shadow that can enhance detailed designs.

Outdoor Lighting Systems Illuminate Your Haven

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